Electrical heating system



Oct. 22, 1935. s, A. wlLLlAMs E1' AL 2,018,293

ELECTRICAL HEATING SYSTEM med Feb. 1a, 1931 2 sheets-sheet 1 as wbf" E?///)K////7////////// JNEP 63' le Hwa/ran.- @f @y W Oct. 22, 1935 s. A.WILLIAMS Er AL ELECTRICAL HEATING' SYSTEM Filed Feb. 18, 1931 2Sheets-Sheet 2 l? nga.

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---11-11,--III'I'II'II'I'I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTRICALHEATING SYSTEM Stanley Austen Williams, Osterley Park, and Joseph LeslieMusgrave, London, England Application February 18, 1931, Serial No.516,770 In Great Britain March 28, 1930 1 Claim.

This invention relates to the heating of buildings by an electricallygenerated heat radiating from the walls, iioors, ceilings or othersuitable structural part of a room or building, and refers to thatsystem in which the conductor wires are threaded through beads or shorttubes of glass, porcelain or other insulating material. and thenenclosed in metallic or other tubes before being disposed in orincorporated with the walls or floors of the room or building, thelength of such metallic tubes depending on the surface area of thestructure from which the heat radiates.

Hitherto in this system of electrical heating a continuous length ofinsulated conductor wire has been employed, such wire being passedthrough the rst metallic tube at the one end, out at the opposite endthen through the corresponding end of the next metallic tube, and so onthrough each adjacent tube for the entire length of that surface of thematerial in which they are embedded from which the heat radiates. Alsoin order to allow for inspection of the tubes at either end an openingor openings has been formed, in the material in which said tubes areembedded, at either side of the heat radiating surface.

Now according to one construction of this invention we form the metallictubes U shape and in each tube we enclose a single length of theinsulated wire. The ends of the U tube project into what we term aheader box or chamber running the full length of the panel or part fromthe surface of which the heat radiates, and the ends of the wires whichproject through the U tube are secured to connecting terminals providedin said header box or chambers.

In another construction according to this invention we thread theconductor Wire through insulating beads or equivalent in which two holesor bores are formed, the one end of the single length of wire isthreaded through the one hole in the beads and the other end through theother hole, thus forming in said conductor wire, midway of its length ahairpin bend. The insulated wire is then enclosed in a metallic tube ofthe requisite length, preferably closed at one end, the ends of the wireprojecting through the other end of said tube, which end of saidmetallic tube fits into the header box or chamber, the projecting endsof said wire being secured to the connecting terminals in such headerbox.

In order 4that the invention may be clearly understood we have appendedthe accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a broken part sectional plan view showing our system whenusing a single length of insulated conductor wire enclosed in a U shapemetallic or other tube.

Fig. 2 is a broken part sectional plan view showing arrangement withcurved U shaped tubes.

Fig. 3 is a part sectional broken side view shcw- 5 ing a single lengthof wire threaded through two hole insulators and then enclosed in atube, preferably closed at the end where the hairpin bend in the wireoccurs.

Fig. 4 is a broken plan view of Fig. 3. i0

Fig. 5 is an enlarged part sectional view showing a portion of theconductor Wire threaded through two hole insulator beads enclosed in ametallic tube and Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 5.

Fig. l is a longitudinal section of one of the in- 15 sulating beads.

A represents the conductor wires, a1 the insulating beads, B themetallic tubes in which the insulated conductors are enclosed, D theheader box or chamber into which the ends of the tubes 20 B lit b1 theterminals to which the ends of the conductors A are connected, and E thematerial in which the tubes B are embedded and from the surface of whichthe heat radiates.

Referring to Fig. 1 the insulating beads a1 are 25 first threaded on toa single length of conductor wire, one end of the insulated wire beingthen inserted into the one leg of the U shape tube B,

l passing around the U bend and out at the end of the other leg, and aseach leg of the tube B is 30 fixed in an opening in the side of theheader box D, the loose ends a2 of said wire A project into such headerbox, each loose end being then secured to its respective connectingterminal b1 provided for the purpose. Where circumstances ne- 3cessitate the use of curved tubes B, we may iix the curved ends of thelegs of the U into a circular header box D in the manner shown by Fig.2. T'he tubes B together with the header box are incorporated with ordisposed in the material E forming the walls or floor or ceiling fromthe surface of which the heat radiates. As shown in Fig. 2 the headerbox D is provided with tube terminal engaging portions X and Y in pairs,one element s of one pair being on the outside of the header box D andthe other element of 'said pair being within the header box, and thetube engaging portions X being a support for the adjacent ends of theinner legs of each of the tubes B as shown. 5o At Figs. 3 and 4 we haveillustrated another construction of our invention. In this case insteadof separating each bend of the insulated conductor wire by passing oneend up the one leg QI a U shape tube and then down the other l5 leg ofsuch tube, we form two holes or bores in the insulating4 medium, suchinsulating medium consisting preferably of short lengths a1 of glass orporcelain tubing. 'Ihe one end of the single length of conductor wire Ais threaded through the one hole in the tubes a1, and the other endthrough the other hole, thus forming in said wire A, midway of itslength a hairpin bend a3, as clearly shown by Figs. 5 and 6. Theinsulated wire A is then inserted into the metallic tube B fixed in theheader box D, the loose ends a2 of the wire, which project through thetube into said header box', being secured to the connecting terminalsb1. The ends a* of the tubes B are preferably closed as shown.

It will be evident that each bend of the single length of conductor wireA could be threaded on to separate insulating beads or short lengths oftubing instead of on to short lengths of tubing in which two holes orbores are formed, and then inserted into a. straight length of metallictube, the loose ends of the wire projecting through the tube into theheader box.

By constructing electrical heating systems in the manner herein setforth and shown, should trouble arise in connection with any of theconductors A, easy access by way of the header box can be obtained, andsuch faulty conductor and the insulator covering readily Withdrawn fromits tube B by Way of the header box and either in pairs one without andthe other within the box and carried by the wall thereof, said pairs oftube terminal engaging portions being circumferentially spaced from oneanother, and at least certain ones of said pair of tube terminalengaging portions providing a support for adjacent legs of adjacenttubes, a plurality of insulating elements loosely fitting within each ofsaid tubes and substantially filling the same from end to end thereof,each of said insulating elements being slidable in said tubes and havinga bore V extending therethrough, and a conductor wire for each of saidtubes extending through the bores of each of said insulating elements,electric terminals within said header box and adjacent said tubeterminals, and the ends of said wires projecting into said header boxfrom the ends of the respective tubes and secured to said terminals.

STANLEY AUSTEN WILLIAMS. JOSEPH LESLIE MUSGRAVE.

